Pathology
Mohammad Ghorsi; Jafar Beikzad; Farhad Nejhad Hajali Irani; Yahya Dadash Karimi
Abstract
Introduction In the competitive and rapidly evolving banking environment, electronic service innovation is vital as a strategic leverage for maintaining and enhancing the competitive advantage of state-owned banks, such as Bank Keshavarzi. This research aims to explain and analyze the key antecedents ...
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Introduction In the competitive and rapidly evolving banking environment, electronic service innovation is vital as a strategic leverage for maintaining and enhancing the competitive advantage of state-owned banks, such as Bank Keshavarzi. This research aims to explain and analyze the key antecedents effective on the success of electronic service innovation by developing a comprehensive conceptual framework through a systematic synthesis of existing knowledge. The findings of this study are applied and directly usable by policymakers and senior managers of state-owned banks for the optimal allocation of resources in innovation projects. The central research question is: “What are the antecedents of service innovation in Bank Keshavarzi, and how can they be formulated into a comprehensive framework?” MethodologyThe nature of this research is qualitative, descriptive-analytical, and documentary. To achieve the objective, the Meta-synthesis method, based on the seven-stage model of Sandelowski and Barroso (2007), was utilized. The statistical population for the search included all relevant studies published in reputable domestic and foreign scientific databases (such as ScienceDirect, Emerald, Wiley, and Magiran) within the period of 2000 to 2025. The acceptance criteria for articles were publication in accredited sources and the use of qualitative or mixed methods. To ensure the reliability of the analysis process, the strategy of inter-subject agreement between two independent coders was employed. Findings The meta-synthesis process led to the identification and extraction of four main, interconnected antecedents for electronic service innovation. These antecedents are collectively explained through 13 sub-categories and 41 fundamental concepts: 1- Competitive Dynamics (13 Concepts): This antecedent provides the strategic foundation for innovation, emphasizing strategic agility and competitive intelligence (based on Khani & Jafarnejad, 2025), thereby ensuring the bank’s quick and effective response to environmental changes. 2- Intelligent Customer Relationship Management (CRM) (12 Concepts): This factor enhances the bank’s capability to design personalized and effective services. Its focus is on advanced customer behavior analysis and innovative interaction (consistent with Shifar et al., 2024) to strengthen loyalty.3- Digital Transformation (15 Concepts): This antecedent establishes the technological and operational platform for innovation. Its key dimensions include the adoption of novel technologies, channel integration, and the enhancement of digital security and trust (based on Abedini & Yazdani, 2021).4- Digital Value Creation (11 Concepts): This antecedent distinguishes the innovation outcome from a market and customer perspective. Its focus is on improving positioning and branding based on customer behavior (consistent with Fakharian et al., 2023). Discussion and ConclusionThe research findings present a four-dimensional framework, positing that the success of electronic service innovation is conditional on the simultaneous and integrated reinforcement of these antecedents. In this framework, innovation receives strategic direction through Competitive Dynamics, becomes customer-centric through Intelligent CRM, is implemented via Digital Transformation, and achieves market differentiation through Digital Value Creation.This conceptual framework offers a roadmap for Bank Keshavarzi managers to transform the innovation process from a reactive event into a systematic, continuous, and data-driven endeavor. Managers are advised, alongside investing in technology, to pay special attention to soft aspects such as advanced customer behavior analysis and enhancing digital trust (which are vital pillars for innovation adoption). By synthesizing dispersed knowledge, this study contributes to the theoretical development of innovation frameworks in the banking industry.
Modeling
Ebrahim Shiri; Farhad Nejhad Hajali Irani; Jafar Beikzad; Gholamreza Rahimi
Abstract
The development of green behaviors reflects a growing recognition of the strategic role human resources play in advancing green organizations and sustainable branding. Establishing such behaviors requires a supportive context—an enduring concern for organizational leaders. This study aimed to design ...
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The development of green behaviors reflects a growing recognition of the strategic role human resources play in advancing green organizations and sustainable branding. Establishing such behaviors requires a supportive context—an enduring concern for organizational leaders. This study aimed to design and articulate a model of the antecedents and consequences of green human resource management (GHRM) within the framework of sustainable development. Methodologically, the research is applied-developmental in nature and falls under the category of qualitative inquiry. The study's target population comprised experts in human resource management within the Ministry of Energy. Using purposive sampling, snowball techniques, and theoretical saturation, 20 experts were selected to participate. Interview data were analyzed using Strauss and Corbin’s systematic grounded theory approach. The findings revealed that corporate social responsibility serves as a key causal condition in the proposed model. The core phenomenon identified was green human resource management. Within the contextual conditions, the concept of a green organizational culture emerged as central. Individual characteristics were recognized as intervening conditions influencing the process. In terms of strategies, the study highlighted the importance of green support mechanisms and green initiatives. Finally, the consequences of these efforts were reflected in the emergence of efficient green performance as a macro-level outcome.
Touraj Arjomandiakram; Farhad Nejadhajiali Irani
Abstract
The main purpose of this study was to investigate the status of new leadership functions in public organizations in West Azerbaijan province and propose an appropriate model for the improvement of the existing situation in them. The present research was applied in terms of purpose and mixed descriptive ...
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The main purpose of this study was to investigate the status of new leadership functions in public organizations in West Azerbaijan province and propose an appropriate model for the improvement of the existing situation in them. The present research was applied in terms of purpose and mixed descriptive (quantitative-qualitative) in terms of nature and method. This research was conducted in two parts, quantitative and qualitative. The statistical population of this research in the quantitative section was managers, heads, and specialized experts in government organizations of West Azerbaijan province, and in the qualitative section were the managers of public organizations, elites, and university professors in West Azerbaijan province. To collect data, in the quantitative research section, a researcher-made questionnaire based on the theoretical framework of "Sanjay Saxena and Pour Nima Avasti" was used and in the qualitative section, open-ended questions were used through semi-structured interviews and focus group interviews. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze data in the quantitative part. In this framework, Kolmogorov-Smirnov was used to test the normality of the data distribution of the population, and one-sample t-test, t-student test, linear regression test, structural equation analysis, and confirmatory factor analysis were used to test the research hypotheses. SPSS and AMOS software was used in all calculations and tests. In the qualitative part, open coding tables, conceptualization, thematicization, and variable (theme) construction were used to design and present the main research model. According to the results of this research in the quantitative section, public organizations of West Azerbaijan province use new leadership functions to a lesser extent than the average. In other words, the current situation of new leadership functions in government organizations of West Azerbaijan province is less than average. Based on the results of qualitative research, a model for developing the current status of new leadership functions in government organizations was proposed. In the proposed model for government organizations, there are 14 main themes (main variable) and 39 sub-themes.
Bahram Jalilzadeh Amin; Farhad Nejadhajali irani; Nader Bohloli; yousef Beighzadeh
Abstract
The present qualitative study continued with a phenomenological approach in the spring of 1999 on 19 professors of continuing medical education and curriculum planning specialists in a targeted manner until the data were saturated and with respect to the confidentiality of information and places of study ...
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The present qualitative study continued with a phenomenological approach in the spring of 1999 on 19 professors of continuing medical education and curriculum planning specialists in a targeted manner until the data were saturated and with respect to the confidentiality of information and places of study whenever they wished. Data collection was done through semi-structured interviews, data were analyzed based on phenomenological method. In general, 5 main themes and 12 sub-themes were extracted, the main themes being the main challenges of continuing medical education, not using the appropriate teaching model. Lack of individual and group action research, life challenge, and utilization of it. Lack of effective management of training for physicians, lack of active teaching methods, lack of motivation for physicians to learn, lack of transfer of lived experiences of general practitioners, the need for educational research, structural problems of the system of continuing medical education, creating the necessary platform for e-learning , Benefit Ray of Telemedicine KnowledgeIn the quality department of continuing medical education for general practitioners, proper and serious supervision should be examined and a comprehensive system should be designed to evaluate learning so that the actual learning can be measured. Therefore, physicians should be provided with a suitable platform for transferring lived experiences. Take an effective step towards each other and the promotion of specialized knowledge.
