Causation
Zeynab Amiri; Mahmmod Reza Esmaeli; Reza Sepahvand; Seyed Najmedin Mousavi
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to provide a behavioral entropy pattern in the organization. This research has been carried out in the framework of qualitative approach and using the research methodology of the Foundation. Data collection tools were semi-structured interviews and interviews were conducted ...
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The purpose of this study is to provide a behavioral entropy pattern in the organization. This research has been carried out in the framework of qualitative approach and using the research methodology of the Foundation. Data collection tools were semi-structured interviews and interviews were conducted using a targeted sampling method with 23 senior and middle managers of Isfahan municipality and academic experts familiar with organizational issues and organizational behaviors. Data analysis was performed in three stages: open coding, axial coding and selective coding. Based on this, a qualitative research model was designed. In this model, the most important causative factors were individual, organizational and environmental factors. The main phenomenon in entropy was the behavior of organizational injustice. The underlying factors included lack of organizational transparency, inappropriate socialization, lack of comparative leadership and organizational culture. The results showed that the weakness of communication systems, the silence of managers against the hackers and the hypocritical behaviors of managers and employees are the most important factors in intervention. Based on the results of the justification, the escape rule and the non-emotional-mental conflicts are the strategies of individuals in behavioral entropy. Finally, the entropy consequences of behavior were categorized in the form of five individual, organizational, group, family, and environmental consequences.
Causation
Sedighe Bagheri; Mohammad Mehdi Parhizgar; Seyed Mohammad Baqeri; Ozhan Karimi
Abstract
This research aims at finding an answer to this question: what factors can lead to a reduction in the employees' tendency to commit service sabotage? To this purpose and regarding the extensive studies done in this field, the qualitative meta-synthesis method was used. The reason for choosing meta-synthesis ...
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This research aims at finding an answer to this question: what factors can lead to a reduction in the employees' tendency to commit service sabotage? To this purpose and regarding the extensive studies done in this field, the qualitative meta-synthesis method was used. The reason for choosing meta-synthesis approach is that it can help discover the new and fundamental themes and metaphors by providing the researchers with a systematic frame and by combining different qualitative researches and consequently making it possible to have a comprehensive and broad perspective toward issues. The sample intended for meta-synthesis in this research is composed of selected qualitative studies based on their relevance to the research question. In this study, a sample of 151 related studies was extracted from both internal and external databases during the years 2002 to 2018. After screening the researches with respect to their title, abstract, content and quality, 71 internal and external studies were left, results of which were combined with each other. The implementation of this process resulted in the extraction of 47 factors effective on reducing the service sabotage, which were categorized in eight groups including individual, interpersonal, organizational, family, ethical, beliefs related, economic and environmental factors. furthermore, the present study provides managers with a both categorized and classified list of effective factors on reducing the service sabotage done by the employees and will enable them to manage these behaviors better and yet reduce the costs of such behaviors for their organizations.
Causation
Mahdi Rahati; Shiva Mansoorzadeh
Abstract
Increasing competition in the business environment and the need for integration of intra and inter-organizational, supply chain and developments in the field of information technology systems are the main factors shaping enterprise resource planning systems. These systems create integration within the ...
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Increasing competition in the business environment and the need for integration of intra and inter-organizational, supply chain and developments in the field of information technology systems are the main factors shaping enterprise resource planning systems. These systems create integration within the organization’s operations to increase the speed and ease of business process and the possibility of continuing and providing a competitive market. Hence, the present study investigates the effect of enterprise resource planning (ERP) on agility in Iran private banks, especially Pasargad Bank in Tehran. The research subjects were 343 employees of Pasargad Bank in Tehran, which were selected using simple random sampling method and Cochran formula as a statistical sample. It is a descriptive-analytical study and an applied regarding purpose. Data were collected via the questionnaire (Aburub, 2015). In order to analyze the data have also been used Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and structural equation modeling approach was used to determine the type of data distribution. As well as, hypotheses were tested by analysis of overall model fit. The results indicate that ERP has a significant positive impact on organizational competency, flexibility, speed, accountability and agility. Key Words: Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP), Agility, Organizational Agility
Causation
mohammad hadi zehedi; abbas ali rezaee; vali mohammad darini; ehsan namdar joyami
Volume 6, Issue 3 , July 2018, , Pages 131-144
Abstract
The globalization of competition between organizations and companies to deliver their products and services has forced them to join the global market. One of the important tools of information and communication technology, which plays an important role in the integration of information in the organization ...
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The globalization of competition between organizations and companies to deliver their products and services has forced them to join the global market. One of the important tools of information and communication technology, which plays an important role in the integration of information in the organization and is a major requirement for joining the global markets, is the Enterprise resource planning systems (ERP). This system is now considered to be the most recent and most effective resource planning tool for the organization and includes an integrated information, engineering, and management system that meets all the needs of an organization with a process orientation (towards the goals of the organization and integrating all operations). ERP, with a different look, shifts the process of shifting all organizational activities from task to task cycle. Implementing ERP in addition to costly and time consuming, by making fundamental changes to the processes, creates tensions in most parts of the organization, which if implemented by the organization without noticing the problems and challenges they face when implementing ERP, Definitely will fail. The purpose of this article is to understand how to select and implement organizational resource management in organizations. We have largely described the research by combining the findings of different scholars and combining them to form the basis of this research.
Causation
Hasan Galavandi; Mohammad Hasani; Zahra Moradi
Volume 6, Issue 3 , July 2018, , Pages 157-173
Abstract
In the last few years, internationalization has been One of the major issues in academic circles. This implies on the integration of International, cultural and global aspects in goals, functions and training mode. this research has been implemented at the University of Tehran with the aim of analysis ...
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In the last few years, internationalization has been One of the major issues in academic circles. This implies on the integration of International, cultural and global aspects in goals, functions and training mode. this research has been implemented at the University of Tehran with the aim of analysis and evaluation of the country's universities status in the indicators of internationalization of higher education from the perspective of students. the present study For the purpose is applied research and in terms of method is descriptive. research population includes all PhD students at the University of Tehran on the campus of human, social and behavioral sciences that with the formula of Cochrane 301 students was elected as the sample of the study. data collected using two library and field method. and the component and phrases that have been identified in the study of the library , based four questionnaire design ; the desire to internationalization, internationalization incentives and the barriers and quadded approaches of the internationalization . for research tools validity, in addition to the content-related and face validity , was calculated Construct validity using confirmatory factor analysis. research tools reliability was calculated and confirmed statistics methods , including the Friedman test, Chi- squared , one sampleT test. the findings of the study showed students desire to the inflow of the international trend in the universities . Students have been scientific factors, social, cultural and economic
Causation
Fatemeh Haghighat; Mohammad Reza Mehregan; Mohamma Abooyee Ardakan
Volume 6, Issue 2 , April 2018, , Pages 27-44
Abstract
For dealing with the complex problems and providing the appropriate solutions for them, first we must identify the various types of such problems. The aim of this study is to find the characteristics of organizational complex problems from the managers' viewpoints and comparing them with the experts' ...
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For dealing with the complex problems and providing the appropriate solutions for them, first we must identify the various types of such problems. The aim of this study is to find the characteristics of organizational complex problems from the managers' viewpoints and comparing them with the experts' viewpoints on these kinds of problems. For this purpose, we first identified the characteristics of complex problems from expert's viewpoints in the related literature. Then, we conducted semi-structured interviews with fourteen managers in some public organizations. In these interviews, we asked the managers to express their own definitions of complex problems or refer to the various examples of them in their own organizations.In this paper, first, a qualitative content analysis of interview transcripts has been utilized in order to extract the characteristics of the complex problems from the viewpoints of managers. At this stage, we could identify eight main characteristics of complex problems and compared them with the characteristics identified from the viewpoint of experts correspondingly. Then, at the next stage, we used a deconstruction method to better understand why managers had pointed to these main characteristics. The results of this section implied the confirmation of these characteristics in a different way.
Causation
Mohammad Ali Hatefi
Volume 6, Issue 2 , April 2018, , Pages 45-58
Abstract
Despite the high importance of the oil industry mega-projects in IRAN, it is clear that there is no robust condition to get succession in these projects. One of the reasons is addressed by the ignorance of the true project management. The aim of this research is to identify and prioritize the oil project ...
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Despite the high importance of the oil industry mega-projects in IRAN, it is clear that there is no robust condition to get succession in these projects. One of the reasons is addressed by the ignorance of the true project management. The aim of this research is to identify and prioritize the oil project success factors, and to identify the guidelines to manage these projects. This work is an applied research and the research method is descriptive. All of the research stages include Nominal Group Technique (NGT) to elicit judgments of 12 experts. A list of success factors, containing the relevant project management knowledge areas, is obtained with the use of library study, literature review and the expert elicitation. In order to assign the weights to the factors and prioritize them, knowledge areas are ranked as BORDA numbers, as well as the relevant success factors. The obtained ranks are transformed to the weights, using Rank Order Centroid (ROC) method. Then a geometric mean is carried out to get the final weigh of the success factors. Finally, some guidelines are recommended for the projects, with the use of the experts judgments. The research findings include 42 success factors and 46 guidelines. The results show that the most important factors, with more than 25% of the total weight, are alignment between objectives and activities, clarity of scope, and stability of program managers.
Causation
Ali Asghar Shirehpaz Arani; Mirza Hasan Hoseini; Mohammad Mahmoudi Meimand; Mohammad Taghi Amini
Volume 6, Issue 2 , April 2018, , Pages 59-78
Abstract
Environment is coalition of organizations that moves towards their goals by uncertain process of bargaining and reduce related demands. Because the power is one of the most important resources of every organization in society that must be effectively managed like any other resources. In addition, Strategic ...
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Environment is coalition of organizations that moves towards their goals by uncertain process of bargaining and reduce related demands. Because the power is one of the most important resources of every organization in society that must be effectively managed like any other resources. In addition, Strategic thinking is not only includes a system of strategies to achieve competitive advantage and value creation, but rather should be able to present the legitimacy of the strategy to justify the rightfulness of the organization's strategy through a process of political bargaining.This paper considers the components of legitimacy of the strategy. In the first step by studying models and approaches to strategic thinking and theories of power, the nine component of legitimacy strategies were identified and then with Delphi method and expert opinion, the six of component in three stages were selected.In the second step, the DEMATEL method to analyze and rank the cause and effect is used. Finally, according to analysis the result of the DEMATEL method, three components are known as Causality components: power supplies, incentive structure and Stakeholder expectations and game rules. The power, infiltration mechanism and engagement of stakeholders are shown as the factors of effected components
Causation
E .farajvand
Volume 6, Issue 1 , January 2018, , Pages 51-62
Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to introduce a new conception of management as "Synnovation". This term was raised against synergy. Synergy implies that the outcome of collective labor is far greater than the outcome of the work of each individual, or in a more literal sense, "the whole is greater than ...
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The purpose of this paper is to introduce a new conception of management as "Synnovation". This term was raised against synergy. Synergy implies that the outcome of collective labor is far greater than the outcome of the work of each individual, or in a more literal sense, "the whole is greater than the sum of the components." On the basis of genius, the result of collective innovation or system innovation is more than the sum of individual innovations. The concept of synnovation emerged from analyzing textual data and theoretical sampling of the works and text of interviews of management experts and thinkers such as Gary Hamel Ralph Stacey and Tom Peters and analyzing the data obtained using the Grounded Theory. Based on this concept, the innovations of individual employees in the context of communication and collective discourse find synergic property and lead to incremental innovations, and senior management of the organization must provide the necessary platforms for the synergy of innovations and staff geniuses for the survival and continuity of life and growth and Enhancing the organization.
Causation
Volume 6, Issue 1 , January 2018, , Pages 101-114
Abstract
Many projects in Social Security Organization in the field of development of E-Services implemented recently but future scenario and flows ignored. The purpose of this research is to develop future scenario for development E-services of Social Security Organization in more than 10 years. The study recognized ...
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Many projects in Social Security Organization in the field of development of E-Services implemented recently but future scenario and flows ignored. The purpose of this research is to develop future scenario for development E-services of Social Security Organization in more than 10 years. The study recognized the main uncertainties in this area according GNB method and critical success factors and considering experts ideas. The population is 20 experts of social security organization. The present research is the kind of hybrid .To gathers data, questionnaire, documents survey, and expertise panel was used. To evaluate the validity and reliability of questionnaire respectively experts and Cranach’s Alpha was used. Four scenarios were extracted by define two uncertainties “public investment in case of infrastructure and human resource” and “interaction at different levels of the system” as the main axis of scripting. After defining futures and organization visions and strategy definition for access of desirable futures, turns to implementation strategies. The successful implementation of strategies depends on the strategies were understand and realize by whole personnel. The creators of BSC method introduced strategy map because the whole personnel of organization understand strategy in an overview and also in order to simplify complex processes that leads to intangible assets to become tangible and visible outputs. In the following research using DEMATEL and bases on the opinion of experts, established causal relationship between strategic goals which was classified in four perspectives of BSC and the strategy map of development of E-Services Social Security Organization was drawn.
Causation
Hafez MollaAbbasi; Hojat Vahdati; Reza Sepahvand; Mahmoud Reza Esmaeili
Volume 5, شماره 4 (پیاپی 20) , November 2017, , Pages 31-38
Abstract
Employees with high efficiency are the greatest competitive advantage for organizations in today's competitive world and Paranoia is the phenomena that prevent the realization of this issue for them. Paranoia is a psychological, psychiatric term. This implies that people with mental disturbance, which ...
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Employees with high efficiency are the greatest competitive advantage for organizations in today's competitive world and Paranoia is the phenomena that prevent the realization of this issue for them. Paranoia is a psychological, psychiatric term. This implies that people with mental disturbance, which includes topics such suspicion, jealousy, grandiosity or harm and damage. Institutional paranoia suggests the issues which reduces employee productivity. Therefore, this study aimed to achieve organizational model of paranoia using the grounded theory. Based on this theory, the interviews were performed then the open coding phase of institutional paranoia was extracted. These factors include individual factors (psychological and physiological), organizational factors (organizational environment, perceived injustice and organizational processes) and environmental factors (environmental changes).
Causation
Sayyed Mostafa Javadi; Hasan Alvedari; Amir Hosein Amirkhani; Ali Jamshidi
Volume 5, شماره 4 (پیاپی 20) , November 2017, , Pages 39-48
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Organizations, especially in the public sector, are usually static and uniform until the continuation of this situation is no longer feasible or altered by external forces. This is rooted in organizational lack of movement, or in other words organizational inertia. The purpose ...
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Background & Objectives: Organizations, especially in the public sector, are usually static and uniform until the continuation of this situation is no longer feasible or altered by external forces. This is rooted in organizational lack of movement, or in other words organizational inertia. The purpose of this study is to provide a suitable model for correct encounter with organizational inertia in North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences. Methods: The statistical population consisted of all personnel of the relevant organization. Using the Cochran formula, 170 people were selected by simple random sampling. The toolkit included library studies and questionnaires. Using descriptive and inferential statistics methods in AMOS and SPSS software, the validity and reliability of the research tool, regression analysis and structural equations were performed. Results: The average score of all factors was above 3, which is the highest amount related to knowledge management and the least amount related to psychological factors. After verifying the validity and reliability of the research tool, the results of the Structural Equation Model Questionnaire were obtained and, by analyzing it, the final model of the research was obtained. Conclusion: Organizational Inertia Management Model has four factors for knowledge management, change-setting activities, change management and psychological considerations in which knowledge management and psychological considerations improve the underlying changes in change management and change management. The underlying changes are also affecting change management.
Causation
Hossein Damghanian1; Mohammad Shikhzadeh; Mohammad Yazdani Ziarat
Volume 5, شماره 4 (پیاپی 20) , November 2017, , Pages 49-66
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to examine the Socio-Emotional competencies (SEC) in the organizational communication, identification of its important components and determine the quality of interaction between them. This research is an applied and developmental as well as quantitative and qualitative ...
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The purpose of this study is to examine the Socio-Emotional competencies (SEC) in the organizational communication, identification of its important components and determine the quality of interaction between them. This research is an applied and developmental as well as quantitative and qualitative by using interpretive structural modeling method. The study Statistics population is consisted of all Iranian academic experts in the organizational communication; that 15 peoples of them were selected using snowball sampling as statistical sample. The data collection tool is a researcher made matrix table; which designed based on paired comparisons between the components of the research as a square matrix. The results led to identification of 11 important components of SEC; that were placed at 8 different levels of interaction. Also, The Results showed socio-emotional knowledge, Self-awareness, self-management, self-motivation had more effective than other components on SEC. According to the results, we can say that the components of SEC at different levels have effect together, and changes in the quality of each component cause changes in quality of the organizational communication.
Causation
Hamid Aboodi; Sayed Mohsen Allameh
Volume 5, شماره 4 (پیاپی 20) , November 2017, , Pages 67-80
Abstract
The present study aimed to seek and design a model of employee incivility customers in Social Security Organization (SSO) of Iran. In this study, for collecting data we used a qualitative method of semi-structured interviews with 42 managers and supervisors of SSO in 6 metropolises, and to analyze the ...
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The present study aimed to seek and design a model of employee incivility customers in Social Security Organization (SSO) of Iran. In this study, for collecting data we used a qualitative method of semi-structured interviews with 42 managers and supervisors of SSO in 6 metropolises, and to analyze the collected data, thematic analysis was used. To determine interrelationship between the identified and how they influence employee incivility toward customer, DEMATEL method was used. We gathered 10 academic experts' opinions to perform this procedure and design intended model. This model demonstrates how experienced customer incivility, witnessed customer incivility, job demands, job dissatisfaction, organizational injustice, life-work interference, emotional exhaustion and employee prejudice (ethnic, cultural, religious, etc.) as could directly or indirectly instigate employee incivility toward customer. Personality traits of employees (e.g. emotional stability, agreeableness, and conscientiousness) have moderating role in our arrow-shaped model. Finally, after discussing the results, limitations and practical implications, we recommended Empirical studies for future research.
Causation
Mohammad Mahdi Parhizgar; Sedighe Bagheri
Volume 5, شماره 4 (پیاپی 20) , November 2017, , Pages 81-94
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the impact of customer mistreatment on Mallet Bank employees’ retaliation in Mashhad, Iran. In this regard, the impact of customer mistreatment on emotional dissonance and emotional exhaustion was investigated. Also, the influence of these variables on employee retaliation ...
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This study aimed to investigate the impact of customer mistreatment on Mallet Bank employees’ retaliation in Mashhad, Iran. In this regard, the impact of customer mistreatment on emotional dissonance and emotional exhaustion was investigated. Also, the influence of these variables on employee retaliation by considering the moderator role of supervisory support climate in the relationship between emotional exhaustion and employee retaliation were evaluated. This study is applicable, descriptive and analytic survey. In this respect, a questionnaire was used to collect data. Confirmatory factor analysis and Cronbach's alpha coefficient were used to assess validity and the internal consistency of the instrument, respectively. To investigate the effect of independent variables on the dependent variable, the method of structural equation modeling in AMOS software was used. Subsequently, multiple regression analysis was conducted to investigate the effect of moderator role of supervisory support climate. Findings revealed that customer mistreatment has a significant influence on both emotional dissonance and emotional exhaustion. Emotional exhaustion has a crucial effect on employees’ retaliation. On the other hand, emotional dissonance on employees’ retaliation has an insignificant impact. The moderating role of supervisory support climate in the relationship between emotional exhaustion and employee retaliation is also confirmed in this study.
Causation
Abbas Nargesian; Ali Asghar Pourezzat; Azadeh Rasouli Porshokouh
Volume 5, Issue 2 , April 2017, , Pages 77-88
Abstract
Today in organizations emphasized that human resources have strategic value and differentiates it from other competitors. This means that the skills and abilities of people in an organization and how to use them can be taken into account as an important factor for their competitive advantage. So the ...
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Today in organizations emphasized that human resources have strategic value and differentiates it from other competitors. This means that the skills and abilities of people in an organization and how to use them can be taken into account as an important factor for their competitive advantage. So the emphasize is that effective recruitment in organizations is essential and strategic matter. Including developments that happened in related to recruitment process with the aim of increasing efficiency and more effective is using of the approach of recruitment process outsourcing. Recruitment process outsourcing is the form of business outsourcing. The aim of this study is survey of advantages and disadvantages of recruitment process outsourcing. In order to study of it qualitative research method were used. The results of 12 interviews with seven managers and five experts show that this approach in addition to the strength, limitation and problems that are discussed in academic literature, has other advantages and disadvantages. The findings of this study indicate 8 main themes that 4 of them are related to benefits and others are related to disadvantages of recruitment process outsourcing.
Causation
Reza Zare; Akbar Bahmani Choob Bastani; Alireza Fathizadeh
Volume 4, Issue 3 , July 2016, , Pages 29-48
Abstract
Democracy is not only limited to political structures but including establishing it in the whole society, its structures and organizations. Organizational democracy is necessary and vital to achieve democratic ideals such as individual independence, social liberty, freedom of expression and participation ...
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Democracy is not only limited to political structures but including establishing it in the whole society, its structures and organizations. Organizational democracy is necessary and vital to achieve democratic ideals such as individual independence, social liberty, freedom of expression and participation in all issues that affect citizens' life. The aim of present research is to achieve effective factors on establishment of organizational democracy in public sector organizations so that they can design the way of performing their duties and also work environment by using democratic principles in such a manner that leads to blooming and developing employees' potential abilities and also impressive presentation of products and services to the public. In the present applied-developmental research, descriptive-survey Delphi method has been used to achieve effective factors on establishment of organizational democracy and the descriptive-correlation structural equations modeling has been utilized to confirmatory factor analysis and construct validity analysis. Participants in Delphi parts included university professors and top managers of public sector organizations who were familiar to the concept of organizational democracy. Statistical universe in structural equations modeling part include staff of seven public organizations in Bushehr Province. In present study, a comprehensive study in scientific texts was taken up at first and indicators were identified and then, these indicators were put at the polls of experts. At the end, 32 indicators and 9 main dimensions were identified that are social responsiveness, shared governance, justly organizational atmosphere, organizational generosity, transparency, effective communication, culture of organizational liberalism, organizational flexibility and occupation justice.
Causation
Mojtaba Rafiei; Abbasali Ghadirian; seyyed Ali Akbar Ahmadi; Abolhasan Faghihi
Volume 4, Issue 3 , July 2016, , Pages 119-132
Abstract
In a situation that business environment is becoming more dynamic and complex, creating and sustaining competitive advantage depend on innovativeness and continuous current technological improvement. The research and development of the companies are playing a very important role in this respect. Their ...
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In a situation that business environment is becoming more dynamic and complex, creating and sustaining competitive advantage depend on innovativeness and continuous current technological improvement. The research and development of the companies are playing a very important role in this respect. Their leaders always have been facing with the challenges of how to enhance these organizations performance. Considering that, management scholars and practitioner believe that leadership, organizational culture and innovative climate are the most important factors affecting performance. A very limited study has been carried out on the combination effects of these factors on performance. So, the purpose of this paper is to fill this gap. This research is applied-developmental, and the research method is combinative. The research purpose in the first phase is survey and explorative oriented, and in the second phase is descriptive and explanative. The structural equation models are used for data analysis and approval of hypotheses. The result shows that the leadership does not have direct and meaningful impact on R&D organizational performance, because they are mediated and moderated by organizational culture and innovative climate. Therefore, leadership should avoid to directly interfering in research affaires, and they have to shape and strengthen innovative organizational culture and climate. So, they will be able to continuously improve performance and productivity of their organizations.
