Document Type : Descriptive

Authors

1 Assistant Professor, Department of Business Management, University of Hormozgan, Bandar Abbas, Iran.

2 Msc. Department of Business Management, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.

Abstract

Due to the prevalence of the Internet and the increasing use of technology by individuals and organizations, deviant and unrelated behaviors in organizations have increased and organizations have faced serious challenges. Online activities performed for personal and non-business purposes are called Cyberloafing and the purpose of this study is to provide a model of Cyber loafing antecedents and examine its consequences. The research is applied in terms of purpose and correlational in terms of nature and the method is causal descriptive. The statistical population was the staff of Hormozgan province. The data collection tool is a questionnaire whose reliability was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha of 0.89. Data analysis was performed using Amos 22. The results show that job stress and emotional analysis directly affect cyberloafing, and rejection and private demand are other prerequisites for Cyber loafing that indirectly affect it. The findings also showed that Cyber loafing has a positive effect on job burnout.

Keywords

Aghaz, A., & Sheikh, A. (2016). Cyberloafing and job burnout: An investigation in the knowledge-intensive sector. Computers in Human Behavior, 62, 51-60.
Amiri, M., Asadi, M., & Delbari Ragheb, F. (2011). Identification and Ranking Effective Factors on the Internet Shopping use of Fuzzy ANP. Journal of Business Management, 3(1), 37-92. (in persian).
Andreassen, C.S., Torsheim, T., & Pallesen, S. (2014). Predictors of use of social network sites at work - A specific type of cyberloafing. Journal of Computer Mediated Communication, 19(4) 906-921.
Anjum, M. A., Liang, D., Durrani, D. K., & Parvez, A. (2020). Workplace mistreatment and emotional exhaustion: The interaction effects of self-compassion. Current Psychology, 1-12.
Askew. K., Buckner, J.E., Taing, M.U., Ilie, A., Bauer, J.A., & Coovert, M.D. (2014). Explaining cyberloafing: The role of the theory of planned behavior. Computers in Human Behaviour, 36 510-519.
Bakker, A.B., Demerouti, E., De Boer, E., & Schaufeli, W.B. (2003). Job demands and job resources as predictors of absence duration and frequency. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 62 341-356.
Clark, S. C. (2000). Work/family border theory: A new theory of work/family balance. Human Relations, 53, 747–770.
Doorn, O. (2011). Cyberloafing: A multi-dimensional construct placed in a theoretical framework. MS Thesis, Eindhoven University of Technology, Netherlands.
Eastin, M.S., Glynn, C.J., & Griffiths, R.P. (2007). Psychology of communication technology use in the workplace. Cyberpsychology and Behavior, 10(3), 436-443.
Eisenberger, N.I., Lieberman, M.D., & Williams, K.D. (2003). Does rejection hurt? An fMRI study of social exclusion. Science, 302(5643), 290-292.
Ferris, D., Brown, D., Berry, J., Lian, H. (2008), The development and validation of the Workplace Ostracism Scale. Journal of Applied Psychology, 93(6), 1348-1366.
Garrett, R.K., & Danziger, J.N. (2008). Disaffection or expected outcomes: Understanding personal internet use during work. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 13(4), 937-958.
Hair Jr, J. F., Sarstedt, M., Hopkins, L., & Kuppelwieser, V. G. (2014). Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM): An emerging tool in business research. European business review.
Henle, C. A., & Blanchard, A. L. (2008). Correlates of different forms of cyberloafing: The role of norms and external locus of control. Computers in Human Behaviour, 24(3), 1067-1084.
Huma, Z., Hussain, S, Thurasamy, R., & Malik, M.I. (2017). Determinants of cyberloafing: A comparative study of a public and private sector organization. Internet Research, 27(1), 97-117.
Ivarsson, L., & Larsson, P. (2011). Personal Internet usage at work: A source of recovery. Journal of Workplace Rights, 16(1), 63-81.
Jia, H., Jia, R., & Karau, S. (2013). Cyberloafing and personality: The impact of the Big Five traits and workplace situational factors. Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies20(3), 358-365.
Jia, H.H., Jia, R., & Karau, S. (2013). Cyberloafing and personality: The impact of the big five traits and workplace situational factors. Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies, 20(3), 358- 365.
Koay, K. Y., & Soh, P. C. H. (2018, August). Does cyberloafing really harm employees’ work performance?: an overview. In International Conference on Management Science and Engineering Management (pp. 901-912). Springer, Cham.‏
Koay, K. Y., Soh, P.C.H., & Chew, K. W. (2017). Do employees' private demands lead to Cyberloafing? The mediating role of job stress. Management Research Review, 40(9), 1025-1038.
Koay, K.Y., & Soh, P.C.H. (2018). Should cyberloafing be allowed in the workplace?. Human Resource Management International Digest, 26(7), 4-6.
Konig, C. J., & Caner de la Guardia, M.E. (2014). Exploring the positive side of personal Internet use at work: Does it help in managing the border between work and nonwork?. Computers in Human Behaviour, 30, 355-360.
Leung, A., Wu, L., Chen, Y., & Young, M. (2011). The impact of workplace ostracism in service organizations. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 30, 836- 844.
Lim, P. K., Koay, K. Y., & Chong, W. Y. (2020). The effects of abusive supervision, emotional exhaustion and organizational commitment on cyberloafing: a moderated-mediation examination. Internet Research, 31(2).
Lim, V. K. G., & Chen, D. J. Q. (2009). Browsing and emailing: Impact of cyberloafing on work attitudes, Paper presented at 23rd Australia and New Zealand Academy of Management, Melbourne, Australia.
Lim, V.K.G., & Teo, T.S.H. (2015). Prevalence, perceived seriousness, justification and regulation of cyberloafing in Singapore: an exploratory study. Information & Management, 42(8), 1081-1093.
Michael, O., Court, D., & Petal, P. (2009). Job Stress and Organizational Commitment among Mentoring Coordinators. International Journal of Educational Management, 23(3), 266-288.
Moody, G.D., & Siponen, M. (2013). Using the theory of interpersonal behaviour to explain nonwork-related personal use of the Internet at work. Information and Management, 50(6), 322-335.
Nusrat, A., He, Y., Luqman, A., Waheed, A., & Dhir, A. (2021). Enterprise social media and cyber-slacking: A Kahn’s model perspective. Information & Management, 58 (1), 103405.
O’Reilly J., & Robinson S. L. (2009). The negative impact of ostracism on thwarted belongingness and workplace contributions. Best paper proceedings, Academy of Management meeting, Chicago.
O'Neill, T.A., Hambley, L.A., Chatellier, G.S. (2014). Cyberslacking, engagement, and personality in distributed work environments. Computers in Human Behavior, 40, 152-160.
Oravec, J.A. (2018), “Cyberloafing and constructive recreation”, in Mehdi Khosrow-Pour, D.B.A. (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Information Science and Technology, 4th ed., IGI Global, Hershey, PA, 4316-4325.
Page, D. (2015). Teachers’ personal web use at work. Behaviour & Information Technology, 34(5), 443-453.
Pee, L.G., Woon, I.M., & Kankanhalli, A. (2008). Explaining non-work-related computing in the workplace: A comparison of alternative models. Information & Management, 45(2), 120-130.
RuningSawitri, H.S. (2012). Role of internet experience in moderating influence of work stressor on cyberloafing. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 57, 320-324.
Sao R., Chandak S., Patel B., Bhadade B. (2020). Cyberloafing: Effects on Employee Job
Performance and Behavior. International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering, 8(5), 1509-1515.
Shih, S.P.P., Jiang, J.J., Klein, G., & Wang, E. (2013). Job burnout of the information technology worker: Work exhaustion, depersonalization, and personal accomplishment. Information & Management, 50(7), 582-589.
Swimberghe, K., Jones, R. P., & Darrat, M. (2014). Deviant behavior in retail, when sales associates “Go Bad”! Examining the relationship between the work–family interface, job stress, and salesperson deviance. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 21(4), 424-431.
Ugrin, J. C., Pearson, J. M., & Nickle, S. M. (2018). An examination of the relationship between culture and cyberloafing using the hofstede model. Journal of Internet Commerce, 17(1), 46-63.
Vitak, J., Crouse, J., & LaRose, R. (2011). Personal internet use at work: Understanding cyberslacking. Computers in Human Behaviour, 27(5), 1751-1759.
Yao, Y.H., Fan, Y.Y., Guo, Y.X., & Li, Y. (2014). Leadership, work stress and employee behavior. Chinese Management Studies, 8(1), 109-126.
Zakrzewski, C. (2016). The key to getting workers to stop wasting time online. The Wall Street Journal13.
Zhao, H., & Xia, Q. (2017). An examination of the curvilinear relationship between workplace ostracism and knowledge hoarding. Management Decision, 55(2), 331-346.
Zhao, H., Peng, Z., & Sheard, G. (2013). Workplace ostracism and hospitality employees’ counterproductive work behaviors: The joint moderating effects of proactive personality and political skill. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 33, 219-227.
Zhao, H., Xia, Q., He, P., Sheard, G., & Wan, P. (2016). Workplace ostracism and knowledge hiding in service organizations. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 59, 84-94.
Zheng, X., Yang, J., Ngo, H., Liu, X., & Jiao, W. (2016). Workplace ostracism and its negative outcomes: Psychological capital as a moderator. Journal of Personnel Psychology, 15(4), 143-151.