Presenting an Open Government Data driven Innovation Model using Grounded Theory

Saraee, Hamed; Mohammadian, Ayoub; Khani, Naser

doi:10.30473/ipom.2024.69478.4901

Document Type : Causal

Authors

¹ Ph.D. Candidate, Department of Management, Faculty of Humanities, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran.

² Associate Prof., Department of Information Technology Management, Faculty of Management, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.

³ Assistant Prof., Department of Management, Faculty of Humanities, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran.

https://doi.org/10.30473/ipom.2024.69478.4901

Abstract

Government data collected from public funds and contains valuable data, if opened, can be usable in various areas, can stimulate innovation. It is necessary to investigate contexts and factors affecting the Open Government Data driven Innovation (OGDI). The main question of research is: How does open government data lead to the creation of innovation? So that, trying to answer six sub-questions consisting: causal conditions, background conditions, intervening conditions, main phenomenon, strategies, and consequences about OGDI. This research, according to mixed method (qualitative-quantitative), first used the grounded theory based on Strauss-Corbin method; then due to qualitative analysis of data obtained from interviews, three-stage coding was used; next a quantitatively evaluated done by using Shannon's entropy method. Based on data sufficiency principle, up to theoretical saturation stage, 11 semi-structured interactive interviews with experts were done. Due to results obtained from interviews, 6 main categories according to the sub-questions of the research, and 20 sub-categories containing 95 concepts were extracted. Attention requirements per each main categories, subcategories and concepts were suggested for future research. Proposed theoretical model shows that, at first step, if "setting of supporting laws for OGDI", and "the demands of external stakeholders" (causal conditions) are done correctly; and at second step if simultaneously "market development and investment in OGDI" (context conditions), "drafting the data governance document" (main phenomenon), and "utilizing the capacity of the private sector in form of PPP"(intervention condition), executed correctly; also in third step, by using all types of innovation (strategy), it will achieve consequences such as transparency in the organization, solving "stagnation of private businesses" and "unemployment in society" problems.

Keywords

Main Subjects

Modeling

References

Adel, A., & Bayat, K. (1387), (2008). Designing a Model for "Business Process-Orientation" Using Interpretive Structural Modeling Approach (ISM), Journal of Information Technology Management, 1(1), 3. (In Persian)

Babu, M. M., Rahman, M., Alam, A., & Dey, B. L. (2021). Exploring big data-driven innovation in the manufacturing sector: evidence from UK firms. Annals of Operations Research, 1-28. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10479-021-04077-1

Bedini, I., Farazi, F., Leoni, D., Pane, J., Tankoyeu, I., & Leucci, S. (2014). Open government data: Fostering innovation. Journal of eDemocracy & Open Government, 6(1), 69-79. https://doi.org/10.29379/jedem.v6i1.329

Buse Sevinc Cubuk, E., Karkin, N., & Yavuz, N. (2019, June). Public sector innovativeness and public values through information and communication technologies. In Proceedings of the 20th annual international conference on digital government research (pp. 353-361). https://doi.org/10.1145/3325112.3325215

Chan, C. M. (2013, January). From open data to open innovation strategies: Creating e-services using open government data. In 2013 46th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (pp. 1890-1899). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/HICSS.2013.236

Chandrasegaran, S., Badam, S. K., Kisselburgh, L., Ramani, K., & Elmqvist, N. (2017, June). Integrating visual analytics support for grounded theory practice in qualitative text analysis. In Computer Graphics Forum, 36(3), 201-212). https://doi.org/10.1111/cgf.13180

Corrales-Garay, D., Mora-Valentín, E. M., & Ortiz-de-Urbina-Criado, M. (2019). Open data for open innovation: An analysis of literature characteristics. Future Internet, 11(3), 77. https://doi.org/10.3390/fi11030077

Gao, Y., Janssen, M., & Zhang, C. (2021). Understanding the evolution of open government data research: towards open data sustainability and smartness. International Review of Administrative Sciences, 89(1), 59-75. https://doi.org/10.1177/00208523211009955

Grimmelikhuijsen, S. G., & Feeney, M. K. (2017). Developing and testing an integrative framework for open government adoption in local governments. Public Administration Review, 77(4), 579-590. https://doi.org/10.1111/puar.12689

Hemerly, J. (2013). Public policy considerations for data-driven innovation. Computer, 46(6), 25-31. https://doi.org/10.1109/MC.2013.186

Janssen, M., Konopnicki, D., Snowdon, J. L., & Ojo, A. (2017). Driving public sector innovation using big and open linked data (BOLD). Information systems frontiers, 19(2), 189-195. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10796-017-9746-2

Jugend, D., Jabbour, C. J. C., Scaliza, J. A. A., Rocha, R. S., Junior, J. A. G., Latan, H., & Salgado, M. H. (2018). Relationships among open innovation, innovative performance, government support and firm size: Comparing Brazilian firms embracing different levels of radicalism in innovation. Technovation, 74, 54-65. DOI: 10.1016/j.technovation.2018.02.004

Khan, Z. T., & Johnson, P. A. (2020). Citizen and government co‐production of data: Analyzing the challenges to government adoption of VGI. The Canadian Geographer/Le Géographe canadien, 64(3), 374-387. https://doi.org/10.1111/cag.12619

Kim, J. H., & Eom, S. J. (2019). The managerial dimension of open data success: Focusing on the open data initiatives in Korean local governments. Sustainability, 11(23), 6758. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11236758

Krasikov, P., Obrecht, T., Legner, C., & Eurich, M. (2020). Is Open Data Ready for Use by Enterprises? Learnings from Corporate Registers. In DATA (pp. 109-120). https://doi.org/10.5220/0009875801090120

Liang, Y., Liang, R., Li, G., & Zhang, G. (2018). An Empirical Analysis of Open Government Data Platform and Enterprise Innovation Performance. Paper presented at the PACIS. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.im.2019.103179

Ma, R., & Lam, P. T. (2019). Investigating the barriers faced by stakeholders in open data development: A study on Hong Kong as a “smart city”. Cities, 92, 36-46. https://doi.org/10.1177/215824402311942

Maccani, G. (2016). Exploring the factors that influence adoption of open government data for commercial service innovation in cities (Doctoral dissertation, National University of Ireland, Maynooth (Ireland)).

Maccani, G., Donnellan, B., & Helfert, M. (2018). Adoption of Open Government Data for Commercial Service Innovation: An Inductive Case Study on Parking Open Data Services.

McBride, K., Aavik, G., Toots, M., Kalvet, T., & Krimmer, R. (2019). How does open government data driven co-creation occur? Six factors and a ‘perfect storm’; insights from Chicago's food inspection forecasting model. Government Information Quarterly, 36(1), 88-97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2018.11.006

Mergel, I., Kleibrink, A., & Sörvik, J. (2018). Open data outcomes: US cities between product and process innovation. Government Information Quarterly, 35(4), 622-632. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2018.09.004

Mohammadian, A., & Khodadad Beromy, M. (2020). Explaining the Process of Forming a Network Capability in Governmental Organizations in the Case of Iran Single Window for Trade Using Grounded Theory, Quarterly Journal Public Administration, 12(41), 85-116.10.22059/JIPA.2019.291013.2646 (In Persian)

Mollaei, N., & Taheri, S. (2018). E-businesses development with Model of Data Innovation, Open Government Data and Open Innovation. Rahyaft, 28(69 ), 41-52. DOR: 0.1001.1.10272690.1397.28.69.4.7 (In Persian)

Ojo, A., Porwol, L., Waqar, M., Stasiewicz, A., Osagie, E., Hogan, M., ... & Zeleti, F. A. (2016, October). Realizing the innovation potentials from open data: Stakeholders’ perspectives on the desired affordances of open data environment. In Working Conference on Virtual Enterprises (pp. 48-59). Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-45390-3_5

Okamoto, K. (2017). Introducing open government data. The Reference Librarian, 58(2), 111-123. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techsoc.2020.101389

Oliveira, L. F. d., & Santos, C. D. d. (2019). intended and unintended consequences of innovation adoption: open government data adoption by the federal district of brazil. REAd. Revista Eletrônica de Administração (Porto Alegre) 25(1), 1-25. https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-2311.214.80559

Reggi, L., & Dawes, S. (2016). Open government data ecosystems: Linking transparency for innovation with transparency for participation and accountability. In Electronic Government: 15th IFIP WG 8.5 International Conference, EGOV 2016, Guimarães, Portugal, September 5-8, 2016, Proceedings 15 (pp. 74-86). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-44421-5_6

Ribeiro, F. G. D. M. M. (2017). Value creation and barriers in the commercial use of open government data (Doctoral dissertation, Universidade do Porto (Portugal)). https://hdl.handle.net/10216/103277

Ruijer, E., & Meijer, A. (2020). Open government data as an innovation process: Lessons from a living lab experiment. Public Performance & Management Review, 43(3), 613-635. https://doi.org/10.1080/15309576.2019.1568884

Safarov, I. (2019). Institutional dimensions of open government data implementation: Evidence from the Netherlands. Sweden, and the UK. Public Performance & Management Review, 42(2), 305-328. https://doi.org/10.1080/15309576.2018.1438296

Saraee, H., Mohammadian, A., & Khani, N. (2022). A Systematic Review of Intra-organizational Factors Affecting Open Government Data to Achieve Innovation in Government Services, Quarterly Journal Public Administration, 14(51), 479-501. DOI: 10.22059/JIPA.2022.341714.3143 (In Persian)

Schmidthuber, L., Piller, F., Bogers, M., & Hilgers, D. (2019). Citizen participation in public administration: investigating open government for social innovation. R&D Management, 49(3), 343-355. https://doi.org/10.1111/radm.12365

Seegolam, A., Sukhoo, A., & Bhoyroo, V. (2016). Spurring innovation through Open Government Data for Africa. Paper presented at the 2016 IST-Africa Week Conference.

Smith, G., & Sandberg, J. (2018). Barriers to innovating with open government data: Exploring experiences across service phases and user types. Information Polity, 23(3), 249-265. https://doi.org/10.3233/IP-170045

Smith, G., Ofe, H. A., & Sandberg, J. (2016, January). Digital service innovation from open data: exploring the value proposition of an open data marketplace. In 2016 49th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS) (pp. 1277-1286). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/HICSS.2016.162

Strauss, A., & Corbin, J. (1998). Basics of qualitative research techniques.

Toots, M., Mcbride, K., Kalvet, T., & Krimmer, R. (2017, May). Open data as enabler of public service co-creation: Exploring the drivers and barriers. In 2017 Conference for E-Democracy and Open Government (CeDEM) (pp. 102-112). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/CeDEM.2017.12

Twizeyimana, J. D., & Andersson, A. (2019). The public value of E-Government–A literature review. Government information quarterly, 36(2), 167-178.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2019.01.001

United Nations, Office of the Secretary-General’s Envoy on Youth, “Statistical Commission adds last piece for full implementation of SDGs” (2017), available at http://www.un.org/youthenvoy/2017/03/statistical-commissionadds-last-piece-full-implementation-sdgs/.

Van Dijk, M. (2018). The State of Open Government Data in Dutch Municipalities: Transparency, Accountability & Innovation. MaRBLe, 4. https://doi.org/10.26481/marble.2018.v4.640

Zhenbin, Y., Kankanhalli, A., Ha, S., & Tayi, G. K. (2020). What drives public agencies to participate in open government data initiatives? an innovation resource perspective. Information & Management, 57(3), 103179. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.im.2019.103179

Zuiderwijk, A., Helbig, N., Gil-García, J. R., & Janssen, M. (2014). Special issue on innovation through open data-A review of the state-of-the-art and an emerging research agenda: Guest editors’ introduction. Journal of theoretical and applied electronic commerce research, 9(2), 1-13.https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-18762014000200001

Public Organizations Management

Presenting an Open Government Data driven Innovation Model using Grounded Theory

References

References

Volume 12, Vol 1. (Series 45) - Serial Number 45
January 2024
Pages 109-132

Presenting an Open Government Data driven Innovation Model using Grounded Theory

References

References

Volume 12, Vol 1. (Series 45) - Serial Number 45January 2024Pages 109-132

Volume 12, Vol 1. (Series 45) - Serial Number 45
January 2024
Pages 109-132