با همکاری مشترک دانشگاه پیام نور و انجمن مدیریت دولتی ایران و انجمن مدیریت رفتار سازمانی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری رفتار سازمانی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.

2 استاد مدیریت دولتی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.

3 دانشیار مدیریت فناوری اطلاعات، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.

چکیده

تحقیقات روایی در علوم اجتماعی در دهه‏های اخیر رواج قابل ملاحظه‏ای داشته‏اند، تا حدی که از این روی‏آوری به چرخش روایی یاد می‏شود. یکی از حوزه‏های تحقیقاتی اخیر در مطالعات سازمانی که به استفاده از روش روایی روی آورده است، مسیر شغلی است. در این پژوهش سعی شده، ابتدا به مبانی نظری روش‏های تحقیق روایی در علوم اجتماعی پرداخته شود، و سپس با اتخاذ روش تحقیق مناسب، داستان مسیرشغلی با رویکرد تحلیل روایت(ساختاری و محتوایی) مورد بررسی قرار گیرد. تحلیل ساختاری و محتوایی مسیرشغلی افراد، حاکی از آن است که می‏توان 4 گونۀ داستانی، شامل صعود، فرازونشیب، بی‏تفاوتی و افول را در داستان‏های مسیرشغلی مشارکت‏کنندگان شناسایی کرد. به علاوه، مضامین روابط میان‏فردی، کنترل، آمادگی مقابله، جایگاه شغلی و آسیب روانی نیز از مهم‏ترین مضامینی است که در داستان مسیرشغلی مشارکت‏کنندگان تکرار شده است. نتایج این بررسی نشان می‏دهد روش‏های روایی به فهم معنای افراد از تجربۀ مسیرشغلی‏شان کمک کرده، و امکان تغییر یا بهبود آن را نیز فراهم می‏آورند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigating career stories, using narrative analysis

نویسندگان [English]

  • kamyar raissifar 1
  • Ali Asghar Pourezzat 2
  • Mahdi Shami Zanjani 3

1 Ph.D Candidate of Organizational Behavior, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.

2 Professor of Public Management, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

3 Associate Professor of IT Management, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

چکیده [English]

Using Narrative research methods in social sciences, has been grown significantly in recent years, so that this growth called narrative turn.In manamagement and organizational researches, career studies has recently approached toward narrative analysis and methods. This reseach, firstly pays attention to theoretical and philosophical foundations of narrative analysis and methods in social sciences, and then, tries to investigate career stories, and meaning of the, using appropriate narrative research method and approach. Structural and thematic analysis of informants' career stories show that four distnict career story genres can be distinguished and recognized: rise, ups and downs, indifference and fall. Moreover interpersonal relationships, control, coping readiness, job position and psycho-pathology are the most frequent themes in informants' career stories. Research findings show that narrative method and analysis, both structural and thematic, can contribute to understand deeply the meaning people attach to their careers, and paves the way for change or improve it.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Constructivism
  • narrative analysis
  • Career stories
  • Career story Genres
Arthur, M. B., Hall, D. T. & Lawrence, B. S. (1989). Handbook of career theory. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Atkinson, P. (1997). “Narrative turn or blind alley?”. Qualitative health research, 7(3), 325-344.
Atkinson, P. (2009). “Illness narratives revisited: the failure of narrative reductionism”. Sociological Research Online, 14(5), 16.
Atkinson, P. & Delamont, S. (2006). “Rescuing narrative from qualitative research”. Narrative inquiry, 16(1), 164-172.
Bozionelos, N. (2003). “Intra-organizational network resources: Relation to career success and personality”. The International Journal of Organizational Analysis, 11(1), 41-66.
Briscoe, J. P., Henagan, S. C., Burton, J. P. & Murphy, W. M. (2012). “Coping with an insecure employment environment: The differing roles of protean and boundaryless career orientations”. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 80(2), 308-316.
Bruner, J. (1986). Two modes of thought. Actual minds, possible worlds, 11-43.
Bujold, C. (2004). “Constructing career through narrative”. Journal of vocational behavior, 64(3), 470-484.
Burr, V. (2015). Social constructionism. Routledge.
Carmeli, A., Brueller, D. & Dutton, J. E. (2009). “Learning behaviours in the workplace: The role of high‐quality interpersonal relationships and psychological safety”. Systems Research and Behavioral Science, 26(1), 81-98.
Cermák, I. (2004). Genres of Life-Stories. In: Narrative, Memory & Identity: Theoretical and Methodological Issues. University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, 211-221.
Chandler, D. (2007). The basics: semiotics. London and New York: Routledge.
Chen, M. H., Chang, Y. Y. & Lo, Y. H. (2015). “Creativity cognitive style, conflict, and career success for creative entrepreneurs”. Journal of Business Research, 68(4), 906-910.
Clandinin, D. J. (2006). “Narrative inquiry: A methodology for studying lived experience”. Research studies in music education, 27(1), 44-54.
Clandinin, D. J. & Murphy, M. S. (2009). “Comments on Coulter and Smith: Relational ontological commitments in narrative research”. Educational Researcher, 38(8), 598-602.
Cochran, L. R. (1990). “Narrative as a paradigm for career research”. Methodological approaches to the study of career, 71-86.
Converse, P. D., Pathak, J., DePaul-Haddock, A. M., Gotlib, T. & Merbedone, M. (2012). “Controlling your environment and yourself: Implications for career success”. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 80(1), 148-159.
Creed, P. A., Hood, M. & Hu, S. (2017). Personal orientation as an antecedent to career stress and employability confidence: The intervening roles of career goal-performance discrepancy and career goal importance”. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 99, 79-92.
Dawson, P. (2017). How Many ‘Turns” Does it Take to Change a Discipline: Narratology and the Interdisciplinary Rhetoric of the Narrative Turn. Emerging Vectors of Narratology. Eds Per Krogh Hansen, John Pier, Philippe Roussin and Wolf Schmid. Narratologia series. Berlin: De Gruyter, 405-34.
Del Corso, J. & Rehfuss, M. C. (2011). “The role of narrative in career construction theory”. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 79(2), 334-339.
Downey, C. A. & Clandinin, D. J. (2010). Narrative inquiry as reflective practice: Tensions and possibilities. In Handbook of reflection and reflective inquiry. 383-397.
Duffy, R. D. (2010). Sense of control and career adaptability among undergraduate students. Journal of Career Assessment, 18(4), 420-430.
Esin, C., Fathi, M. & Squire, C. (2013). Narrative analysis: The constructionist approach. The Sage handbook of qualitative data analysis, 203-216.
Fan, L. B. Blumenthal, J. A., Watkins, L. L. & Sherwood, A. (2015). “Work and home stress: associations with anxiety and depression symptoms”. Occupational Medicine, 65(2), 110-116.
Gergen, K. J. & Gergen, M. M. (1986). Narrative form and the construction of psychological science.
Griffin, B. & Hesketh, B. (2003). “Adaptable behaviours for successful work and career adjustment”. Australian Journal of psychology, 55(2), 65-73.
Hartung, P. J. (2013). Career as story: Making the narrative turn. Handbook of vocational psychology: Theory, research, and practice, 33-52.
Hyvärinen, M. (2010). Revisiting the narrative turns. Life Writing, 7(1), 69-82.
Inkson, K. (2004). Images of career: Nine key metaphors. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 65(1), 96-111.
Kreiswirth, M. (1992). “Trusting the tale: The narrativist turn in the human sciences”. New Literary History, 23(3), 629-657.
Kreiswirth, M. (2005). Narrative turn in the humanities. Routledge encyclopedia of narrative theory, 377-382.
Labov, W. (1972). Language in the inner city: Studies in the Black English vernacular. University of Pennsylvania Press.
Lease, S. H. (2004). “Effect of locus of control, work knowledge, and mentoring on career decision-making difficulties: Testing the role of race and academic institution”. Journal of Career Assessment, 12(3), 239-254.
Lieblich, A., Tuval-Mashiach, R. & Zilber, T. (1998). Narrative research: Reading, analysis, and interpretation (Vol. 47). Sage.
Loh, J. (2013). “Inquiry into issues of trustworthiness and quality in narrative studies: A perspective”. The Qualitative Report, 18(33), 1.
Lowman, R. L. (1997). “Career assessment and psychological impairment: Integrating inter-domain and work dysfunctions theory”. Journal of Career Assessment, 5(2), 213-224.
McIlveen P. (2012) Extending The Metaphor of Narrative to Dialogical Narrator. In: McIlveen P., Schultheiss D.E. (eds) Social Constructionism in Vocational Psychology and Career Development. Career Development Series (Connecting Theory and Practice), vol 4. SensePublishers, Rotterdam.
Ng, T. W., Eby, L. T., Sorensen, K. L. & Feldman, D. C. (2005). “Predictors of objective and subjective career success: A meta‐analysis”. Personnel psychology, 58(2), 367-408.
Patton, W. & Creed, P. (2007). “The relationship between career variables and occupational aspirations and expectations for Australian high school adolescents”. Journal of Career Development, 34(2), 127-148.
Polkinghorne, D. E. (1988). Narrative knowing and the human sciences. Suny Press.
Polkinghorne, D. E. (1995). “Narrative configuration in qualitative analysis”. International journal of qualitative studies in education, 8(1), 5-23.
Pulakos, E. D., Arad, S., Donovan, M. A. & Plamondon, K. E. (2000). “Adaptability in the workplace: development of a taxonomy of adaptive performance”. Journal of applied psychology, 85(4), 612.
Riessman, C. K. (2008). Narrative methods for the human sciences. Sage.
Robert, D. & Shenhav, S. (2014). “Fundamental assumptions in narrative analysis: Mapping the field”. The qualitative report, 19(38), 1-17.
Robie, C., Ryan, A. M., Schmieder, R. A., Parra, L. F. & Smith, P. C. (1998). “The relation between job level and job satisfaction”. Group & Organization Management, 23(4), 470-495.
Sarbin, T. R. (1986). Narrative psychology: The storied nature of human conduct. Praeger Publishers/Greenwood Publishing Group.
Savickas, M. L. (1997). “Career adaptability: An integrative construct for life‐span, life‐space theory”. The career development quarterly, 45(3), 247-259.
Savickas, M. L. (2011). The self in vocational psychology: Object, subject, and project. Developing self in work and career: Concepts, cases, and contexts, 17-33.
Savickas, M. L. (2013). “The 2012 Leona Tyler Award Address: Constructing Careers—Actors, Agents and Authors Ψ”. The Counseling Psychologist, 41(4), 648-662.
Schultheiss D.E., Wallace E. (2012) An Introduction to Social Constructionism in Vocational Psychology and Career Development. In: McIlveen P., Schultheiss D.E. (eds) Social Constructionism in Vocational Psychology and Career Development. Career Development Series (Connecting Theory and Practice), vol 4. SensePublishers, Rotterdam
Sclater, S. D. (2003). What is the subject?. Narrative Inquiry, 13(2), 1-14.
Sparkes, A. C. & Smith, B. (2008). Narrative constructionist inquiry. Handbook of constructionist research, 1999, 295-314.
Spokane, A. R. (1989). Are there psychological and mental health consequences of difficult career decisions?. Journal of Career Development, 16(1), 19-23.
Stead, G. B., Perry, J. C., Munka, L. M., Bonnett, H. R., Shiban, A. P. & Care, E. (2012). Qualitative research in career development: Content analysis from 1990 to 2009. International Journal for Educational and Vocational Guidance, 12(2), 105-122.
Strauser, D. R., Lustig, D. C. & Çiftçi, A. (2008). Psychological well-being: Its relation to work personality, vocational identity, and career thoughts. The Journal of Psychology, 142(1), 21-35.
Strawson, G. (2004). Against narrativity. Ratio, 17(4), 428-452.
Tolentino, L. R., Garcia, P. R. J. M., Lu, V. N., Restubog, S. L. D., Bordia, P. & Plewa, C. (2014). Career adaptation: The relation of adaptability to goal orientation, proactive personality, and career optimism. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 84(1), 39-48.
Van der Horst, A. C., Klehe, U. C. & Van der Heijden, B. I. (2017). Adapting to a looming career transition: How age and core individual differences interact. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 99, 132-145.
van Osch, Y. & Schaveling, J. (2017). The Effects of Part-Time Employment and Gender on Organizational Career Growth. Journal of Career Development, 0894845317728359.
Walker III, J. V. & Peterson, G. W. (2012). Career thoughts, indecision, and depression: Implications for mental health assessment in career counseling. Journal of Career Assessment, 20(4), 497-506.
Weinberg, D. (2008). The philosophical foundations of constructionist research. Handbook of constructionist research, 13-39.
Winters, A., Meijers, F., Harlaar, M., Strik, A., Baert, H. & Kuijpers, M. (2013). The narrative quality of career conversations in vocational education. Journal of Constructivist Psychology, 26(2), 115-126.
Young, R. A. & Collin, A. (2004). Introduction: Constructivism and social constructionism in the career field. Journal of vocational behavior, 64(3), 373-388.
Young R.A., Popadiuk N.E. (2012) Social Constructionist Theories in Vocational Psychology. In: McIlveen P., Schultheiss D.E. (eds) Social Constructionism in Vocational Psychology and Career Development. Career Development Series (Connecting Theory and Practice), vol 4. SensePublishers, Rotterdam
Young, R. A. & Valach, L. (2004). The construction of career through goal-directed action. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 64(3), 499-514.
Zacher, H. (2014). Career adaptability predicts subjective career success above and beyond personality traits and core self-evaluations. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 84(1), 21-30.
Zhao, S., Liu, L. & Chen, H. (2015). Factors influencing the occupational well-being of experienced nurses. International Journal of Nursing Sciences, 2(4), 378-382.
Zhou, W., Guan, Y., Xin, L., Mak, M. C. K. & Deng, Y. (2016). Career success criteria and locus of control as indicators of adaptive readiness in the career adaptation model. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 94, 124-130.