با همکاری مشترک دانشگاه پیام نور و انجمن مدیریت دولتی ایران و انجمن مدیریت رفتار سازمانی

نوع مقاله : اکتشافی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری، گروه مدیریت دولتی، دانشگاه علامه طباطبایی، تهران، ایران.

2 استاد، گروه مدیریت دولتی، دانشگاه علامه طباطبایی، تهران، ایران.

3 دانشیار، گروه مدیریت دولتی، دانشگاه علامه طباطبایی، تهران، ایران.

چکیده

در راستای اهمیت پیشگیری و مدیریت خشونت سازمانی در بیمارستان‌ها و به علت فشار کاری و روانی بر کارکنان، هدف از این تحقیق ارائه چارچوب مفهومی مدیریت پیشگیری از خشونت سازمانی بوده است. این پژوهش از حیث هدف، کاربردی از نوع پژوهش‌های کیفی و اکتشافی است که با تکیه‌بر رویکرد تحلیل مضمون انجام شد. ابزار گردآوری، مصاحبه نیمه ساختارمند با 25 سرپرستاران بیمارستان‌ها و مراکز خدمات درمانی و آموزشی دولتی در شهر تهران با روش نمونه‌گیری گلوله برفی و هدفمند انجام‌شده است. شبکه مضامین توسعه‌یافته در این تحقیق دارای 148 مضمون پایه، 20 مضمون سازمان‌دهنده و 3 مضمون فراگیر بوده است. مضامین فقدان اخلاق در شغل، مشکلات روحی و روانی، بی‌تفاوتی به شغل و سازمان؛ احساس عدم امنیت و استقلال شغلی؛ فشار و استرس و تنش شغلی بالا؛ پیش‌زمینه‌ها و نگرش‌های ناصحیح فرهنگی به مدیریت و کار زنان؛ مشکلات اقتصادی؛ عوامل فرهنگی مشارکتی در سازمان؛ عدم‌حمایت و عدالت در رفتار مدیران نسبت به زیردستان، رفتارهای منفعلانه و غرورآمیز مدیران و مدیران تک‌رو و بی‌توجه به کارکنان به‌عنوان بسترسازهای خشونت در سازمان؛ مضامین افول و کاهش سرمایه انسانی در سازمان؛ کاهش سرمایه حرفه‌ای و شغلی در سازمان؛ کاهش سرمایه اجتماعی در سازمان و کاهش عملکرد و اعتبار سازمان به‌عنوان پیامدهای رفتارهای خشونت‌آمیز؛ و مضامین توجه به شایستگی‌های کارکنان و مدیران و اصلاح نظام جبران خدمات آنان؛ شفافیت قوانین و مقررات کاری و نظام‌های ارزیابی عملکرد، مدیریت بهینه نیروی کار در سازمان و افزایش کیفیت و کمیت آموزش‌های سازمانی، به‌عنوان راهبردهای پیشگیرانه از خشونت سازمانی می‌باشند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Conceptual Framework of Violence Prevention Management in Government Medical and Educational Service Organizations and Centers

نویسندگان [English]

  • Maryam Mirjalili Mohanna 1
  • Mirali Seyed Naghavi 2
  • Behrooz Rezaee Manesh 3
  • Vajhollah Ghorbanizadeh 3

1 Ph.D Student, Department of Public Administration, Allameh Tabataba'i University, Tehran. Iran.

2 Professor, Department of Public Administration, Allameh Tabataba'i University, Tehran. Iran

3 Associate Professor, Department of Public Administration, Allameh Tabataba'i University, Tehran. Iran.

چکیده [English]

This study underscores the vital need to prevent and manage organizational violence in hospitals, especially post-pandemic, considering the increasing work and psychological pressures, particularly on female nurses and medical staff. The primary objective is to present an effective conceptual framework for preventing organizational violence in both hospitals and public health care centers. This research is an application of qualitative and exploratory research that has been done based on the Thematic analysis approach. Data collection tool was a semi-structured interview with the head nurses (supervisors) of hospitals and health centers and public health services in Tehran with 25 people using snowball and targeted sampling method. Results: The network of themes developed in this research had 148 basic, 20 organizing and 3 comprehensive themes."Lack of ethics";  "Psychological problems";  "Indifference to the job and organization"; "Feeling of insecurity and job independence"; "High pressure and stress"; "Incorrect cultural backgrounds and attitudes towards women's management"; "Financial problems"; "Participatory cultural factors in the organization"; "Lack of support and justice in the behavior of managers";  "passive and arrogant behaviors of managers";  "one-sided managers and disregard for employees";  "decline and reduction of human capital in the organization"; "Reduction of professional and job capital"; "Decreased social capital" and "Decreased performance and credibility"; "paying attention to the competencies of employees and managers and reforming their compensation system"; "Transparency of labor laws and appraisal systems";  "Optimal management of the workforce";  "Increasing the quality and quantity of training" are as strategies to prevent organizational violence.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Organizational Violence
  • Violence Prevention
  • Hospitals and Public Health Centers Thematic Analysis
Aamodt, M., Leary, T., Southard, L., & (2014). Serial Killers and Intelligence Levels: Variability, Patterns, and Motivations to Kill. North American Journal of Psychology, 21(4), 787-787.
Al-Abrrow, H., Alnoor, A., Ismail, E., Eneizan, B., & Makhamreh, H. Z. (2019). Psychological contract and organizational misbehavior: Exploring the moderating and mediating effects of organizational health and psychological contract breach in Iraqi oil tanks company. Cogent Business & Management6(1), 1683123. DOI: 10.1080/23311975.2019.1683123
Anderson, L., Fitzgerald, M., & Luck, L. (2010). An integrative literature review of interventions to reduce violence against emergency department nurses. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 19(17-18), 20-30. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2702.2009.03144.x
Arshi, Sh., & Kolahi, A,A. (2022). Workplace Violence against Medical Residents in Different Clinical Specialties at Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences in 2019. Journal of Salāmat-i ijtimā̒ī(Community Health), 9(5), 52-64. (In Persian) https://doi.org/10.22037/ch.v9i3.31647
Balamurugan, G., Jose, T. T., & Nandakumar, P. (2012). Patients’ violence towards nurses: A questionnaire survey. International journal of nursing, 1(1), 1-7.
Barahuyi, S.A., Nastiezaie, N. (2019). The effect of work alienation on incidents organizational anti-citizenship behaviors through the mediating role of job burnout (Case study: principals of Zahedan high schools), Knowledge & Research in Applied Psychology, 20(4), 77-90. (In persian) Doi: 10.30486/jsrp.2019.582782.1645
Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative research in psychology, 3(2), 77-101. DOI:10.1191/1478088706qp063oa
Carie, F. (2006). Feminist praxis, citizenship and informal politics: reflections on South Africa's anti-eviction campaign. International feminist journal of politics, 8(2), 194-218. 10.1080/14616740600612830
Carlos Alberto.Blanco. Antonio. de Aragon Uva. Ana Julia. Gordiano. (2012). aim fire character assassination in cuba.
Chappell, D., & Di Martino, V. (2006). Violence at work: International Labour Organization. Asian-Pacific Newsletter on Occupational Health and Safety6(1), 2-9.
Chen, W. -C., Hwu, H. -G., Lin, Y. -P., Guo, Y. -L. L., Su, T. -S., & Wang, J. -D. (2010). Workplace violence from psychiatric patients. Journal of Occupational Safety and Health, 18, 163-176.
Copeland, D., & Henry, M. (2017). Workplace violence and perceptions of safety among emergency department staff members: experiences, expectations, tolerance, reporting, and recommendations. Journal of trauma nursing, 24(2), 65-77. DOI: 10.1097/JTN.0000000000000269
Crawshaw, L. (2009). Workplace bullying? Mobbing? Harassment? Distraction by a thousand definitions. Consulting Psychology Journal: Practice and Research, 61(3), 263-267. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0016590
Esmaeili, R., Lameh Jouybari, A. (2020). Violence against Emergency Nurses and some related factors. Clinical Excellence, 9(4), 34-44. http://ce.mazums.ac.ir/article-495-1-en.html
Falahzadeh Naini, D., Koshki Jahormi, A.R., & Roudsaz, H. (2018). The effect of three dark aspects of personality on anti-citizen behavior in the organization. Msc Thesis, Allameh Tabataba'i University, Self-governing Postgraduate Education Campus. (In persian)
Fernández‐Gutiérrez, L., & Mosteiro‐Díaz, M. P. (2021). Bullying in nursing students: A integrative literature review. International journal of mental health nursing, 30(4), 821-833. DOI: 10.1111/inm.12854
Gadegaard, C. A., Andersen, L. P., & Hogh, A. (2015). Effects of violence prevention behavior on exposure to workplace violence and threats: a follow-up study. Journal of interpersonal violence, 33(7), 1096-1117. DOI: 10.1177/0886260515614558
Ghodsbin, F., Dehbozorgi, Z., Tayari, N. (2008). Investigating the prevalence of violence against nursing personnel. Medical Scholar, 16(78), 45-52. (In persian)
Gholipour, A. & Pourezzat, A. (2011). Consequences of a sense of organizational injustice, Second impression, 5(8), 32-51.
Golbari, E., & Mohebbi, J. (2017). A criminological study of sexual harassment in work environments. Msc Thesis, Ale Taha Institute of Higher Education, Faculty of Law. (In persian)
Golparvar, M., & Salahshor, A. (2016). Developing a Structural Model of Destructive Leadership with Tendency to Violence and Employees’ Deviant Behaviors. Organizational Resources Management Researches (ORMR), 6(2, 93-123. (In persian)
Doi: 20.1001.1.22286977.1395.6.2.7.7
Grabowski, D., Chudzicka‐Czupała, A., Chrupała‐Pniak, M., Mello, A. L., & Paruzel‐Czachura, M. (2019). Work ethic and organizational commitment as conditions of unethical pro-organizational behavior: Do engaged workers break the ethical rules? International Journal of Selection and Assessment, 27(2), 193-202. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijsa.12241
Guoqiang, G., Hao, J., Wang, W., Chen, W., Liu, S., ... & Han, X. (2020). Psychological depletion in physicians and nurses exposed to workplace violence: A cross-sectional study using propensity score analysis. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 103, 493. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2019.103493
Hacer, T.Y. & Ali, A. (2020). Burnout In Physicians Who Are Exposed To Workplace Violence, Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine, 10, 1-21.
Hajatifard, A., Shahi, S., & Elhampour, H. (2020). Identification the organizational anti-citizenship behaviors of secondary school. Msc Thesis, Shahid Chamran University, Faculty of Education and Psychology Department of Educational Sciences. (In persian)
Hashish, E. A. A. (2020). Nurses’ perception of organizational justice and its relationship to their workplace deviance. Nursing Ethics, 27(1), 273-288.
Hemmati Esmaeili, M., Heshmati Nabavi, F., & Reihani, H. R. (2015). Evaluation of violence of patients and their families against emergency nurses of Imam Reza Central Hospital in Mashhad. Journal of Critical Care Nursing, 7(4), 227-236. (In persian) http://jccnursing.com/article-1-299-en.html
Kazemi Gorji, A, Hadizadeh Moghadam, A., Hamidian, M., Mazarei, S. (2020). The Impact of Internal Branding on Anti-Citizenship Behavior: The Mediating Role of Person-Organization Fit. The Journal of Productivity Management, 14(2), 73-95. (In persian)
Kowalenko, T., Gates, D., Gillespie, G. L., Succop, P., & Mentzel, T. (2013). Prospective study of violence against ED workers. American Journal of Emergency Medicine, 31(1), 197-205.  DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2012.07.010
Kwok, R. P. W., Law, Y. K., Li, K. E., Ng, Y. C., Cheung, M. H., Fung, V. K. P., ... & Leung, W. C. (2006). Prevalence of workplace violence against nurses in Hong Kong. Hong Kong medical journal. 12(1), 6-9.
Lanctôt, N., & Guay, S. (2014). The aftermath of workplace violence among healthcare workers: A systematic literature review of the consequences. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 19(5), 492–501. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.avb.2014.07.010
Landy, F. J., & Conte, J. M. (2016). Work in the 21st century: An introduction to industrial and organizational psychology. John Wiley & Sons.
LeBlanc, M. M. (2000). Predictors and outcomes of workplace violence (Doctoral dissertation, University of Guelph).
Luck, L, Jackson, D, Usher, K. (2008). Innocent or Culpable? Meaning that emergency department Nurses ascribe to individual acts of violence. Journal of clinical Nursing online from Blackwell synergy, 17(8):1071-78. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2702.2006.01870.x
Malmir, A., Abbasi, H., Honari, E., & Vafaie pooya, P.. (2019). (2019). The Impizenship Behavioract of Job Burnout on Organizational Anti-Cit(Case Study: Traffic in Hamedan Province), Traffic Management Studies, 14(5), 31-55. (In persian)
Martinko, M. J., Douglas, S. C., & Harvey, P. (2006). Attribution Theory in Industrial and Organizational Psychology: A Review. In G. P. Hodgkinson & J. K. Ford (Eds.), International review of industrial and organizational psychology 2006 (pp. 127–187). Wiley Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470696378.ch4
McPhaul, K., London, M., & Lipscomb, J. (2013). A framework for translating workplace violence intervention research into evidence-based programs. OJIN The Online Journal of Issues in Nursing 18(1), 4.  DOI:10.3912/OJIN.Vol18No01Man04
Mento, C., Silvestri, M. C., Bruno, A., Muscatello, M. R. A., Cedro, C., Pandolfo, G., & Zoccali, R. A. (2020). Workplace violence against healthcare professionals: A systematic review.  Aggression and Violent Behavior, 51(1), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.avb.2020.101381
Mikalonis, J. A. (2018). Successful mitigation of workplace violence against emergency department nurses: what hospital leaders are doing to accelerate progress (Doctoral dissertation, Pepperdine University).
MoradiPanah, F., Anoushe, M., & Vanki, Z. (2018). Explaining the process of encountering nursing managers with nurses affected by the violence of patients and companions: designing a prescriptive model. Ph.D. Thesis, Tarbiat Modares University, Faculty of Medical Sciences. (In persian)
Nafei, W. A., & Kaifi, B. A. (2013). The impact of organizational cynicism on organizational commitment: An applied study on teaching hospitals in Egypt. European Journal of Business and Management5(12), 131-147.
Najafi, F., & Fallahi Khoshknab, M. (2017). Design and psychometric evaluation of workplace violence against nurses questionnaire. Ph.D Thesis, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences- School of Rehabilitation. (In persian)
Najafi, F., Fallahi-Khoshknab, M., Dalvandi, A., Ahmadi, F., & Rahgozar, M. (2014). Workplace violence against Iranian nurses: A systematic review. Journal of Health Promotion Management (JHPM),  3(2), 72-85. (In persian) http://jhpm.ir/article-1-243-en.html
Nasirzadeh, N., Nazarparvar, M., Mahmoudi, D., Alishzadeh, A., & Mirzae, V. (2021). Individual and Job Factors Affecting the Incidence of Occupational Violence among Workers in Industries. Journal of Occupational Hygiene Engineering (Johe), 8(1), 46-54. (In Persian) Doi: 10.52547/johe.8.1.46
Özler, D. E., Atalay, C. G., & Şahin, M. D. (2015). Whistleblowing. ND Ergun Özler içinde, Örgütsel Davranışta Güncel Konular, (s 195).
Parizad, N., & Hassankhani, H. (2012). Matcing process of emergency nurses with workplace violence: A grounded theory study. Ph.D. Thesis, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery. (In persian)
Rahmani, A., Dadashzadeh, A., Namdar, H., & Akbari, M.A. (2009). Assessing workplace violence toward EMS' personnel in prehospital settings of East Azerbaijan Province. Iran J Forensic Med, 15 (2):100-107. (In Persian)  http://sjfm.ir/article--188-en.html
Ravanbakhsh, E., & Lameh Jouybari, A.R. (2020). Violence against Emergency Nurses and some related factors. Clinical Excellence, 9(4), 34-44. (In persian) http://ce.mazums.ac.ir/article-495-en.html
Sabahi, P., Noori, A., Oreyzi Saamaani, H. R., & Golparvar, M. (2010). Contribution of Affective and Cognitive Factors in Counterproductive Behavior of Employees. Journal of Psychological Research, 12(3&4), 44-62. (In persian)
Salimi, Gh.R. & Pourezzat, A.A. (2010). The Effect of the Perception of Injustice in Organization on Tendency of Administrative Corruption. Strategic Management Thought, 4(1), 131-159. (In Persian)
Salimi, J., Ezazi Eradi, L., & Karbakhsh Davari, M. (2007). Violence Against Nurses in Non-Psychiatry Emergency Wards. journal of Forensic Medicine, 12(4 (44)), 202-209. (In Persian)
Saunders, M., Lewis, P., & Thornhill, A. (2009). Research methods for business students. Pearson education.
SeyedNaghavi, M. A., & Rafati Alashti, K. (2015). Advanced organizational behaviour management, Tehran: Mehkame Publishing House, 4th edition. (In persian)
Sharipova, M., Borg, V., & Hogh, A. (2018). Prevalence, seriousness and reporting of work-related violence in the Danish elderly care. Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences, 22(4), 574–581. DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-6712.2007.00577.x
Sheehan, M., McCabe, T. J., & Garavan, T. N. (2020). Workplace bullying and employee outcomes: A moderated mediated model. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 31(11), 1379–1416. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2017.1406390
Sheikhi, M.,, Etebarian, A., & Ebrahimzadeh, R (2020). Designing an Organizational Rebellion Model Based on Grounded Theory. Organizational Culture Management, 18(4), 613-634. (In persian) https://doi.org/10.22059/jomc.2020.278464.1007757
 
Shojaei, S., Sadeghi, M., & Khozin, F. (2017). Investigating the relationship between narcissism and job satisfaction and anti-citizen behaviors with the moderating role of violence. Journal of Development of Logistics and Human Resoure Management, 13(47), 137-164. (In persian)
Spector, P. E., Zhou, Z. E., & Che, X. X. (2014). Nurse exposure to physical and nonphysical violence, bullying and sexual harassment: A quantitative review. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 51(2), 74-84. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2013.01.010
Talebi, S.H., Rahnama Rahsepar, F., Talebi, S., Shahrabadi, H., Safari, E. (2016) Verbal and physical violence against nurses in Sabzevar hospitals. Journal of Education and Ethics In Nursing, 3(2), 29-35. (In persian)
Van Den Bos, J., Creten, N., Davenport, S., & Roberts, M. (2017). Cost of community violence to hospitals and health systems. American Hospital Association.
Volpe, R. L., Mohammed, S., Hopkins, M., Shapiro, D., & Dellasega, C. (2014). The negative impact of organizational cynicism on physicians and nurses. The health care manager33(4), 276-288. DOI: 10.1097/HCM.0000000000000026
Waddell, G., & Burton, A. K. (2006). Is work good for your health and well-being? London: TSO.
Wech, B. A., Howard, J., & Autrey, P. (2020). Workplace Bullying Model: a Qualitative Study on Bullying in Hospitals. Employee Responsibilities and Rights Journal, 32(1), 73-96. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10672-020-09345-z
Węziak-Białowolska, D., Białowolski, P., & McNeely, E. (2020). The impact of workplace harassment and domestic violence on work outcomes in the developing world. World Development, 126, 104732. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2019.104732
Yadav, H., Jegasothy, R., Ramakrishnappa, S., Mohanraj, J., & Senan, P. (2019). Unethical behavior and professionalism among medical students in a private medical university in Malaysia. BMC medical education, 19(1), 1-5.  DOI: 10.1186/s12909-019-1662-3